| by John Finnegan
For fans of Peter Jackson’s original LOTR trilogy, it’s hard not to reminisce about what made those films so impactful. Surprisingly, for many viewers, it’s not just the epic battles or sweeping mythology that lingers in memory—it’s the emotionally rich B-storylines, especially the relationship between Frodo and Sam.
In this post, we’ll explore the concept of the B-story, why it’s essential in storytelling, and how The Lord of the Rings trilogy uses it masterfully. Plus, we’ll offer practical tips on how to use B-stories effectively in your own work, whether you’re writing a screenplay, novel, or short film.
What Is a B-Story and How to Write a Subplot?
A B-story, often called a subplot, is a secondary storyline that complements the main narrative. While the A-story focuses on the primary conflict or adventure, the B-story often zeroes in on character relationships and development.
Classic examples include:
The developing romance in a James Bond film.
Dr. Alan Grant’s evolving bond with the children in Jurassic Park.
Michael Corleone and Kay’s relationship in The Godfather.
The B-story serves as a breather from the high-stakes drama of the A-story, offering a chance to delve deeper into characters' human sides. It’s where we see their vulnerabilities, growth, and inner conflicts.
Why Is the B-Story Important?
The B-story plays a crucial role in:
Character Development: It often reveals facets of a character that wouldn’t emerge during the action-driven A-story. For instance, in Wonder Woman, Diana’s interactions with Steve Trevor showcase her humanity and emotional depth, traits less evident during the intense battle sequences.
Adding Emotional Weight: A compelling B-story gives the audience something to emotionally invest in, beyond the spectacle of the main plot. In James Bond films, for example, the romantic subplot often adds stakes that go beyond saving the world.
Supporting the Main Story: A well-crafted B-story doesn’t distract from the main narrative—it enriches it. It can provide the protagonist with the emotional tools or revelations needed to succeed in their quest.
The Lord of the Rings and the Perfect B-Story
The Lord of the Rings trilogy stands as one of the finest examples of how to write a subplot because the B-story is seamlessly integrated into the larger narrative. At first glance, Frodo and Sam’s journey to destroy the One Ring might seem like the A-story. However, within the context of the trilogy’s ensemble cast, their emotional and physical journey functions more like the B-story, deeply influencing the overarching war against Sauron.
Emotional and Narrative Interplay
Frodo and Sam’s relationship evolves significantly across the films:
In The Fellowship of the Ring: Their friendship is the foundation of their journey. Sam’s loyalty keeps Frodo grounded as the burden of the ring begins to weigh on him.
In The Two Towers: The introduction of Gollum tests their bond. Frodo begins to mistrust Sam, influenced by the ring’s corrupting power, leading to emotional confrontations.
In The Return of the King: The climax of their relationship culminates in Sam carrying Frodo up Mount Doom when Frodo is physically and emotionally broken. This act of selflessness underscores the depth of their friendship and becomes the emotional high point of the trilogy.
How the B-Story Impacts the A-Story
The emotional strength of Frodo and Sam’s bond directly affects the success of the main narrative:
Aragorn and the others rally their forces, inspired by the belief that Frodo and Sam will succeed.
Their friendship serves as a counterpoint to the power struggles and betrayals seen elsewhere, reinforcing the trilogy’s themes of hope, loyalty, and sacrifice.
Crucially, the resolution of the B-story—Frodo and Sam’s unbreakable bond—occurs before the final climax, enabling the destruction of the ring. This timing enhances the emotional impact and sets the stage for the trilogy’s ultimate resolution.
Avoiding Common B-Story Pitfalls
While the B-story is vital, it’s easy to misstep. Here are some common pitfalls and how to avoid them:
Making the B-Story a Justification for the A-Story: Avoid using the B-story purely as a motivational crutch (e.g., a character fighting for a lost loved one). Instead, let it challenge the protagonist’s motivations and add layers to their decisions.
Overtaking the A-Story: The B-story should enrich, not overshadow, the main plot. Balance is key—too much focus on the B-story can muddle the pacing and shift audience attention away from the primary conflict.
Using It as a Reward: Don’t treat the B-story as a simple “happy ending” reward. Instead, use it as an integral part of the character’s emotional growth and their ability to resolve the main conflict.
Applying These Lessons to Your Own Work
Whether you’re working on an epic fantasy or a small indie drama, here’s how to make your B-story shine:
Define Its Purpose: Ask how your B-story complements the main narrative. Does it challenge or support the protagonist’s goals?
Keep It Personal: Focus on relationships or internal conflicts that reveal your characters’ humanity.
Tie It to the Climax: Ensure the resolution of the B-story directly impacts the A-story’s climax. This creates a satisfying, cohesive narrative.
Maintain Balance: Use pacing to ensure your B-story doesn’t overshadow the main plot.
Conclusion
The B-story is more than just a secondary plot line—it’s the emotional heart of your story. As The Lord of the Rings demonstrates, a well-crafted B-story can elevate your narrative, making it more resonant and memorable.
So, the next time you sit down to write, think about your B-story. How does it support your main plot? How does it challenge your protagonist? Most importantly, how does it deepen your audience’s emotional connection to the characters and their journey?
With these lessons in mind, you’ll be well on your way to crafting a story as powerful and enduring as the journey to destroy the One Ring.
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